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Schoenoplectiella juncoides

(Roxb.) Lye (2003)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Monocots Order: Poales Family: Cyperaceae Genus: Schoenoplectiella

kaluhā [kaluha], rock bulrush

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Annuals or short-lived perennials, rarely with short rhizomes.

Stems: culms pale green, dull, densely tufted, subterete or obtusely several­ angled, 15–70 cm tall, 1–4 mm in diameter below.

Roots: Fibrous root system.

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate Leaves reduced to 3–4 bladeless sheaths. Margins entire. Sheathing; lower sheaths brown, scale-like, upper sheaths pale green, up to 15 cm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences anthelate, head-like with 2– 10 spikelets; involucral bracts erect, 5–15 cm long, with a furrow on upper surface toward base; spikelets pale yellowish brown, sessile, oblong to ovoid–oblong, 6– 18 mm long, 3–6 mm wide, acute; glumes pale brown, membranous, ovate to elliptic­ ovate, 3–4 mm long, 1.8–2.5 mm wide, weakly 3–nerved, the nerves green, apex subentire, mucronate; bristles 4–6, 4 of them as long as or slightly surpassing the achene, the remainder ½ as long as the achene or shorter; stigmas 2, rarely retain­ing the vestige of the third stigma. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Corolla (petals) absent. Stamens 3. Ovary superior.

Fruit: Nutlets dark brown at maturity; broadly obovate; ca. 2 mm; plano-convex; obscurely transversely wrinkled; shiny. Achenes dark brown; broadly obovate; lenticular; 1.8–2 mm long; ca. 1.5 mm wide; transversely wrinkled; apex mucronate. Seeds 1; seed coat thin; free from pericarp; embryo basal; endosperm abundant.

Ploidy: 2n = 70*; 76

Habitat: Occurring in and around bogs; pond margins; and in wet forest.

Elevation Range: (5–)180–1,370 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Indigenous

Island Status

Kaua'i Indigenous
Hawai'i Indigenous

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Lidia 6: 25 (2003)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1431 (K, H [as Schoenoplectus juncoides]); Lye 2003:25/Wagner et al. 2012:82 (COMBNOV, Syn. Schoenoplectus juncoides = Schoenoplectiella juncoides); Note: first recorded on H in 1980, all individuals are from disturbed habitats such as reservoirs and kalo fields. It is therefore likely that it was recently anthropogenically introduced to the island and it is only truly native to K

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Schoenoplectiella juncoides Wahiawa Bog Preserved_Specimen Lane, I.E. 572 Kauai BISH 1957-01-01
2 Schoenoplectiella juncoides Halemanu Preserved_Specimen MacDaniels, L.H. 749 Kauai BISH 1927-02-17
3 Schoenoplectiella juncoides near Kokee, Kilohana Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 980 Kauai BISH 1922-10-27
4 Schoenoplectiella juncoides 3/4 mi along trail to first bog from Alakai Swamp Spur Rd. intersecting with the Mohihi Rd Preserved_Specimen Sohmer, S.H. 6529 Kauai BISH 1970-07-18
5 Schoenoplectiella juncoides Wahiawa Bog Preserved_Specimen Lane, I.E. 572 Kauai BISH 1957-01-01
6 Schoenoplectiella juncoides Waimea Preserved_Specimen Heller, A.A. 2891 Kauai BISH 1895-10-23
7 Schoenoplectiella juncoides unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 17272 Kauai BISH 1920-01-01
8 Schoenoplectiella juncoides Alakai Swamp Preserved_Specimen Lane, I.E. 56612 Kauai BISH 1956-12-01
9 Schoenoplectiella juncoides Kauaikoi-Pihea Trail Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 2577 Kauai BISH 1977-09-22
10 Schoenoplectiella juncoides Hamakua District, Waipio Valley, taro farm ca. 2 miles into the valley Tall sedge growing in taro paddy. Preserved_Specimen Fronda, K. 9924 Hawaii BISH 1999-06-19
11 Schoenoplectiella juncoides Hanalei Forest Reserve, Namolokama Mt., E of camp along windward rim of plateau to S most point, Telfer's Pond, ~60 yards W of rim elfin cloud forest, with Metrosideros, Pelea, Labordia, interspersed with open bog areas, with Juncus planifolius Preserved_Specimen Aquatic. Stems pale green Flynn, T.W. 3059 Kauai BISH 1988-06-19
12 Schoenoplectiella juncoides Alakai Swamp bog; with Oreobolus, Drosera Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 21733 Kauai BISH 1952-01-19
13 Schoenoplectiella juncoides Kaholuamanu swampy forest Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 5141 Kauai BISH 1909-09-01
14 Schoenoplectiella juncoides Alakai Trail and Swamp reddish soil, with Metrosideros Preserved_Specimen Thorne, K. 10385 Kauai BISH 1992-05-27
15 Schoenoplectiella juncoides Alakai Swamp Trail muddy Preserved_Specimen Crosby, M.R. 1461 Kauai BISH 1964-06-19
16 Schoenoplectiella juncoides Alakai Trail, 1/2 mi SW of small bog at B.M.3932 wet place in weeds Preserved_Specimen tufts St.John, H. 23033 Kauai BISH 1947-12-25
17 Schoenoplectiella juncoides Alakai swamp, NE of Kokee standing water Preserved_Specimen tussocks Stone, B.C. 1528 Kauai BISH 1956-12-27
18 Schoenoplectiella juncoides Kaholuamanu In swampy forest Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 5141 Kauai BISH 1909-09-01
19 Schoenoplectiella juncoides Along road to Relay Towers below Mt. Kahili edge and in pool Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 672 Kauai BISH 1983-12-06
20 Schoenoplectiella juncoides NW of Kalaheo, above Alexander Reservoir in Swamp Very wet, with Sacciolepis, Paspalum, Dryopteris Preserved_Specimen Henrickson, J.S. 4004 Kauai BISH 1969-07-31
21 Schoenoplectiella juncoides Machuu Taro Farm, Waipio Valley, Big Island, Hawaii Growing in fallow taro loi in water. Preserved_Specimen Sedge about 1 ft tall, roundish stem, 3-4 smaller-sized spikelets, ca. 1-2 inches below tip of stem. Crago, L.M. 2005110 Hawaii BISH 2005-03-19
22 Schoenoplectiella juncoides Waimea pool in hollow of pastureland, with Nymphaea Preserved_Specimen sedge Imada, C. Hawaii BISH 1990-03-18
23 Schoenoplectiella juncoides Kalihikou, Power Line Trail muddy Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 23131 Kauai BISH 1947-12-29
24 Schoenoplectiella juncoides Alakai Swamp, NW end wooded Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10751 Kauai BISH 1930-12-27
25 Schoenoplectiella juncoides Hanalei Wildlife Refuge rooting in mud, submerged or on waters edge Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 7085 Kauai BISH 1998-01-24
26 Schoenoplectiella juncoides Hanalei National Wildlife Refuge, in overgrown pond designated as Rice Mill 4 Overgrown marshy pond dominated by thick mats of Paspalum distichum. Growing with Ludwigia octovalvis, L. palustris, Commelina diffusa. Preserved_Specimen Occasional clumping sedge up to 2.5 ft tall growing in standing water. Common in the area. Imada, C. 20026 Kauai BISH 2002-07-12
27 Schoenoplectiella juncoides Kokee, Pihea Trail, just before jct. with Alakai Swamp Trail pool of water on trail Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 688 Kauai BISH 1983-12-16
28 Schoenoplectiella juncoides Hanalei National Wildlife Refuge In small drainage adjacent to pond designated as Rice Mill 4, in mucky soil. Preserved_Specimen Clumping sedge. Common in the area. Imada, C. 20027 Kauai BISH 2002-07-12
29 Schoenoplectiella juncoides Umikoa Ranch, Hamakua c.1 acre stock pond, montane wet pasture, some koa. Preserved_Specimen As specimen Uyehara, K.J. 99092705 Hawaii BISH 1999-09-27
30 Schoenoplectiella juncoides Hamakua District, Kukuihaele quad, Waipio Valley Occasional thin sedge in overgrown abandoned taro lo'i dominated by Commelina and Myriophyllum, along with Psidium guajava, Ludwigia octovalvis, Kyllinga brevifolia. Preserved_Specimen Imada, C. 20014 Hawaii BISH 2001-03-13
31 Schoenoplectiella juncoides Lahua maka noe bog, point of entry mudholes, flooded Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 131 Kauai BISH 1983-07-31
32 Schoenoplectiella juncoides Kawaihau District. West of Wailua Homesteads, near Keahua arboretum (DOFAW) growing in ditch along Kuamoo Rd. Many plants growing in deep, wet ditch - soil appears to be saturated or inundated at least most of the year. Preserved_Specimen Erect graminoid, up to 45cm tall; healthy leaves bright green although many pale and brown-yellowish -possibly due to stress; spikelets generally green, but stigmas dark brown and anthers pale tan-yellow. Brock, K. 792 Kauai BISH 2016-03-16
33 Schoenoplectiella juncoides Hanalei-Kalihikai, Power Line Trail wet Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10970 Kauai BISH 1931-01-02
34 Schoenoplectiella juncoides near Alakai Swamp forest Preserved_Specimen Meebold, A. 26368 Kauai BISH 1938-11-01
35 Schoenoplectiella juncoides Kanaele Swamp, just above Wahiawa Bog along jeep road, wet depression Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5376 Kauai BISH 1984-05-28
36 Schoenoplectiella juncoides Waimea Preserved_Specimen Heller, A.A. 2891 Kauai BISH 1895-10-23
37 Schoenoplectiella juncoides 3/4 mi along trail to first bog from Alakai Swamp Spur Rd. intersecting with the Mohihi Rd Preserved_Specimen Sohmer, S.H. 6529 Kauai BISH 1970-07-18
38 Schoenoplectiella juncoides NW ridge Kawaikai, W end of Alakai Swamp water Preserved_Specimen erect sedge, 40-60 cm Bryan Jr., E.H. 1473 Kauai BISH 1940-08-02
39 Schoenoplectiella juncoides near large reservoirs along rd to Kohala summit from Waimea Typha patch Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 6694 Hawaii BISH 1980-11-25
40 Schoenoplectiella juncoides Waimea, along trail from Kokee-Mohihi Rd. to Lehua makanoe wet forest Preserved_Specimen Cranwell, L.M. 2933 Kauai BISH 1938-08-15
41 Schoenoplectiella juncoides Hanalei Distr., Kahili ahupuaa, on margin of northeastern arm of Puu Ka Ele Reservoir Open mucky soil adjacent to pond with a mix of grasses, sedges, and herbs including Paspalum conjugatum, Sacciolepis, Brachiaria, Cyperus polystachyos. Preserved_Specimen Common in the area. Imada, C. 200167 Kauai BISH 2001-09-27
42 Schoenoplectiella juncoides Lehuamakanoi Bog, Kokee gummy mud puddles up to several meters deep Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 23943 Kauai BISH 1955-09-18
43 Schoenoplectiella juncoides Wahiawa bog, Puu Kahili Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 1661 Kauai BISH 1957-01-02
44 Schoenoplectiella juncoides Alakai Swamp Preserved_Specimen Lane, I.E. 612 Kauai BISH 1956-12-27
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